The effect of poor sanitation on the prevalence of typhoid fever in Owerri Municipal Local Government Area, Imo State.
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Background of the study:
Poor sanitation remains a critical public health challenge that significantly influences the spread of infectious diseases such as typhoid fever. In Owerri Municipal Local Government Area, inadequate waste management, limited access to clean water, and unhygienic living conditions contribute to the high prevalence of typhoid fever (Udo, 2023). Contaminated food and water sources, coupled with poor hygiene practices, have been identified as major transmission vectors for the disease (Okafor, 2024). Recent interventions have aimed to improve sanitation, yet persistent infrastructural and behavioral challenges continue to facilitate the spread of typhoid fever. This study explores the correlation between sanitation practices and typhoid fever incidence in Owerri, drawing on epidemiological data, environmental assessments, and community surveys. By identifying the key sanitation-related risk factors, the research seeks to develop targeted recommendations that can effectively reduce the burden of typhoid fever and enhance overall public health in the area (Chukwu, 2025).
Statement of the problem:
In Owerri Municipal, poor sanitation is a significant contributor to the high prevalence of typhoid fever. Inadequate waste disposal, contaminated water sources, and unhygienic practices exacerbate disease transmission, demanding an urgent evaluation of sanitation conditions and their impact on public health (Ifeanyi, 2023).
Objectives of the study:
1. To assess the sanitation conditions in Owerri Municipal.
2. To determine the relationship between sanitation practices and typhoid fever incidence.
3. To recommend improvements in sanitation to reduce typhoid fever prevalence.
Research questions:
1. What are the current sanitation conditions in Owerri Municipal?
2. How does poor sanitation correlate with typhoid fever incidence?
3. What interventions can improve sanitation and reduce disease prevalence?
Research Hypotheses:
1. Poor sanitation is significantly linked to higher typhoid fever rates.
2. Contaminated water and food sources contribute to disease transmission.
3. Improved sanitation infrastructure will reduce typhoid fever incidence.
Significance of the study:
This study provides critical insights into how sanitation impacts typhoid fever prevalence, guiding public health interventions and infrastructural improvements that can reduce disease incidence and promote community wellbeing in Owerri Municipal (Uche, 2024).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to assessing the effect of poor sanitation on typhoid fever prevalence in Owerri Municipal Local Government Area, focusing solely on local sanitation practices and disease incidence data.
Definitions of terms:
1. Sanitation: The provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human waste.
2. Typhoid Fever: A systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi, transmitted through contaminated food or water.
3. Hygiene Practices: Behaviors related to the maintenance of cleanliness and health.
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